If you’re new to Messianic Judaism, you may be unfamiliar with many of the Hebrew words commonly used among Messianic Jews. We’ve put together a glossary of some words that will help you explore the beauty and richness that the Hebrew language and Jewish tradition can add to your New Testament faith.
baruch (barr-OOKH)
Baruch means “blessed.” Blessing God is an important part of Jewish and Messianic Jewish worship. Many blessings open with the phrase “Blessed are You, Lord our God, Ruler of the universe” and are followed by various lines specific to each occasion.
Brit Chadasha (BRIT Khah-dah-SHAH)
The Brit Chadasha is the New Covenant or New Testament of the Bible.
challah (KHAH-lah)
Challah is a sweet egg bread served on Shabbat and holidays. It is usually braided and can be made with many variations.
echad (eh-KHAHD)
Echad means “one.” More than a simple numeral, echad reflects a compound oneness that is fitting to describe God’s existence. Hear O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one! (Deuteronomy 6:4).
Elohim (El-oh-HEEM)
Elohim is a name for God frequently used in the Old Covenant.
hallel (ha-LEL)
The literal translation of hallel is “praise.” In Jewish worship, “The Hallel” refers to the recitation of Psalms 113‒118 in the liturgy at various holidays.
HaShem (Ha-SHEM)
HaShem means “the name” and refers to the name of God. It is often included in blessings used in Messianic Judaism and traditional Jewish worship. Several Messianic congregations throughout the world are named Baruch HaShem, meaning “blessed be the name.”
kadosh (ka-DOSHE)
The translation of kadosh is “holy.” You will hear it often in prayers and worship songs within Messianic Judaism.
kedoshim (KED-oh-SHEEM)
The Tree of Life Version of the Bible replaces New Covenant references to Believers as “saints” with the Hebrew word kedoshim, which more clearly conveys the original meaning of the word as “holy ones.”
kippah (KEE-pah)
A kippah is also known as a skullcap or yarmulke (YAH-meh-kuh) in Yiddish. It is a small head covering worn by Jewish men during prayer, worship and teaching. It serves as a reminder of God’s presence and pre-eminence above man. Some non-Jewish men within Messianic Judaism also wear kippahs in the space of a Messianic Jewish synagogue.
kohen/kohanim (koh-HEN) (koh-ha-NEEM)
The word kohen means priest, and kohanim is its plural form. Have you ever met someone with the last name of Kohen, Cohen or Kahn? Their family name came from the ancient line of Jewish priests and often means their forefathers came from the sons of Aaron, the first high priest.
kohen gadol (koh-HEN gah-DOLE)
Many priests served the nation of Israel’s worship needs. However, there was only one high priest at a time. It was this kohen gadol who entered into the presence of God in the Holy of Holies once each year to bring atonement for the people. Messianic Judaism embraces Yeshua (Jesus) as our high priest who made complete atonement for our sin by His death (Hebrews 6‒10).
lashon hakodesh (lah-SHONE ha-KO-desh)
Hebrew is known as the lashon hakodesh, the “holy tongue,” spoken for millennia by God’s chosen people. It is the language of the Old Covenant Scriptures and is rich with subtleties and nuances that English often does not capture. In Jonathan Bernis’ Confessing the Hebrew Scriptures series, you can learn to proclaim and pray Scripture in the lashon hakodesh.
Mashiach (Mah-SHEE-akh)
The word Mashiach means Messiah or anointed one. The Old Covenant is filled with promises of the coming Messiah, the anointed one of God. The Brit Chadasha, or New Covenant, reveals Jesus as the Jewish Messiah prophesied throughout the Holy Scriptures. Most Jewish people still wait for the Messiah’s appearing while Messianic Jews recognize Him as Yeshua.
mezuzah (meh-ZOO-zah)
A mezuzah is a small container placed on the doorposts of homes. A little scroll of Scripture is placed inside according to the Torah’s command of Deuteronomy 6:4–9. Mezuzahs remind Jewish people that we are to love the Lord with all our heart, mind, soul and strength. As an intentional act of remembrance, many Jewish people and Messianic Jews make a point of touching the mezuzah as they pass through doorways affixed with them.
mitzvah (mitz-VAH) / mitzvot (mitz-VOTE)
The Hebrew word for “commandment” is mitzvah. When a Jewish boy goes through his Bar Mitzvah ceremony, he becomes a “son of the commandment.” Mitzvot is the plural of mitzvah, meaning commandments.
Moad (MO-ed) / moadim (mo-eh-DEEM)
The Hebrew word used in the Bible for a Feast of the Lord is moad, which means “appointed time” (see Leviticus 23). The plural form is moadim.
parasha (par-a-SHAH)
The parasha is a weekly Scripture reading recited in Jewish synagogues. Each week the parasha – meaning portion in Hebrew - includes a part of the first five books of the Bible, called the Torah or Pentateuch. By the end of the year, worshipers have read the entire Torah, and the cycle begins again. Messianic Judaism continues this tradition connecting the parasha to images of Yeshua found in the Torah.